Collins, L; Seraj, S, et al.
Am Fam Physician. Date of publication 2015 Jan 1;volume 81(8):989-996.
Venous ulcer, also known as stasis ulcer, is the most common etiology of lower extremity ulcer- ation, affecting approximately 1 percent of the U.S. population. Possible causes of venous ulcers include in ammatory processes resulting in leukocyte activation, endothelial damage, platelet aggregation, and intracellular edema. The primary risk factors for venous ulcer development are older age, obesity, previous leg injuries, deep venous thrombosis, and phlebitis. On physi- cal examination, venous ulcers are generally irregular, shallow, and located over bony promi- nences. Granulation tissue and brin are typically present in the ulcer base. Associated ndings include lower extremity varicosities, edema, venous dermatitis, and lipodermatosclerosis. Venous ulcers are usually recurrent, and an open ulcer can persist for weeks to many years. Severe complications include cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and malignant change. Poor prognostic factors include large ulcer size and prolonged duration. Evidence-based treatment options for venous ulcers include leg elevation, compression therapy, dressings, pentoxifylline, and aspirin therapy. Surgical management may be considered for ulcers that are large in size, of prolonged duration, or refractory to conservative measures. (Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(8):989-996, 1003. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Family Physicians.)
