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Our Chief Medical Officer has asked me to provide "some scholarly/clinical articles about the clinical improvements noted with ABI information." Does anyone have anything that would satisfy this request, any statistical evidence that obtaining an ABI/TBI prior to decision making about application of compression or debridement of a suspected mixed or arterial wound results in better outcome for patients? I can provide recommended standards of care for patients with lower extremity chronic wounds, but need a little more support for why these are the recommendations.
Aug 15, 2022 by Kathryn Erickson, RN, BSN, PHN MBA, CWCN
6 replies
Eugene Worth
MD, M.Ed., FABA, ABPM/UHM
Kathryn: You have seen no activity on this question yet … because, (in my opinion) it’s a chicken and egg question. To start, I’d like more information on ‘why’ the CMO would be asking that question. I need to know the motivation of the question before positing some sort of answer. I’d hate to answer a question that wasn’t really asked.

And, I’d like to answer this question with another question to pose to the CMO. Consider a patient with a suspected osteomyelitis. This first test is ALWAYS a plain x-ray of the affected area along with 2 non-specific laboratory tests — C-reactive protein and sedimentation rate. We all know that this is the most unlikely to show any lytic bone activity, but we must start here (primarily b/c in my state, Medicaid requires it … as in the ABI/TBI). Then, the next step in an osteomyelitis workup is an MRI — frequently not providing much more information than an x-ray. But, this workup is considered standard of care.

Next, comes some sort of tagged white cell nuclear medicine scan. May/may not be helpful to isolate osteomyelitis. And, finally comes an open bone biopsy with debridement, cultures, etc. etc.

After all of this, we ask the opinion of our infectious disease specialist and get the same answer as if we hadn’t done any of the above tests … six weeks of ‘appropriate’ bone-penetrating antibiotics and observe for recurrence. .

The exact same reasoning that we get ABI/TBI … it’s a requirement and standard of care. Overall, the results do help us in patient management. However, more often than not, these results are simply standard of care, and are interpreted along with laser Doppler, MRA, and frequently invasive vascular interventions. I guarantee you that no surgeon would start invasive vascular intervention without performing an ABI/TBI first.

So, I really don’t mind if you print out my response for the CMO. I’m intrigued about the motivation behind the question. In all my years in practice, I don’t think that this has ever come up with the CMO. Well, it has but only because the CMO was one of my wound/HBO clinic physicians … (chuckle, chuckle) …
Aug 16, 2022
Eugene Worth
MD, M.Ed., FABA, ABPM/UHM
I hate autocorrect … it’s LYTIC, not LYRIC …

:-)
Aug 16, 2022
Kathryn Erickson
RN, BSN, PHN MBA, CWCN
Thanks so much, Dr. Worth, my sentiments exactly. I was thinking more along the lines of, "Hmmmmm, Dr. XXX, I don't think I've ever seen any professional research, certainly not recently, regarding the proof that measuring vital signs on every patient......" but I just thought that would be too cheeky and maybe I was missing the point, as well. (heh-heh)
Aug 16, 2022
Eugene Worth
MD, M.Ed., FABA, ABPM/UHM
OK, then ...

I'm sure some of the WoundReference colleagues have some articles for you to consider. I did a PubMed search and found some articles about ABI/TBI in wound care, but they were non-specific in nature.

So, cheers!!
Aug 16, 2022
Elaine Horibe Song
MD, PhD, MBA
Hi Kathryn,
Jotting down some articles supporting Dr Worth's comments:

Excerpt from 'VLU Intro and Assessment' (WoundReference)
"The diagnosis of VLU is predominantly clinical, however peripheral arterial disease (PAD) needs to be ruled out and venous disease should be documented with duplex ultrasound. PAD can be present in up to 25% of VLU patients [3][4] and may be ruled out with evaluation of ankle brachial index ratio (ABI) or audible handheld Doppler ultrasound with continuous waveform analysis."
https://woundreference.com/app/topic?id=venous-ulcers-introduction-and-assessment#-diagnosis

- Summary of guidelines recommendations on use of ABI and TBI to detect PAD (WoundReference)
https://woundreference.com/app/topic?id=arterial_ulcers_intro_assessment#noninvasive-arterial-tests

- Diagnostic value of ankle-brachial index in peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis (Pubmed)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22926041/

- Recommendation to 'Measure AP and ABI as the first-line noninvasive test in all patients with suspected CLTI' by the Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (guideline)
https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(19)30321-0/fulltext#secsectitle0240
Aug 16, 2022
Kathryn Erickson
RN, BSN, PHN MBA, CWCN
Thank you, Dr. Song!
Aug 16, 2022
* Information provided without clinical evaluation and is not intended as a replacement for in-person consultation with a medical professional. The information provided through Curbside Consult is not a substitute for proper training, experience, and exercising of professional judgment. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents, neither the authors nor the Wound Reference, Inc. give any guarantee as to the accuracy of the information contained in them nor accept any liability, with respect to loss, damage, injury or expense arising from any such errors or omissions in the contents of the work.
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